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Add Internationalisation to the Menu in Yii2 Basic

How To Add Internationalisation to the Menu in Yii2 Basic using Bootstrap’s Dropdown.

Yii comes with internationalisation (i18n) “out of the box”. There are instructions in the manual as to how to configure Yii to use i18n, but little information all in one place on how to fully integrate it into the bootstrap menu. This document tries to remedy that.

Ensure that your system is set up to use i18n. From the Yii2 Manual:

Yii uses the PHP intl extension to provide most of its I18N features, such as the date and number formatting of the yii\i18n\Formatter class and the message formatting using yii\i18n\MessageFormatter. Both classes provide a fallback mechanism when the intl extension is not installed. However, the fallback implementation only works well for English target language. So it is highly recommended that you install intl when I18N is needed.

For further reading and information see:

Yii2 Internationalization Tutorial

PHP intl extensions

If you use this code, please credit me as follows:

Internationalization (i18n) Menu code provided by JQL, https://visualaccounts.co.uk ©2023 JQL

Create the required Files

First you need to create a configuration file.

Decide where to store it (i.e. in the ./messages/ folder with the name create_i18n.php). Create the folder in the project then issue this command from Terminal from the root folder of your project:

./yii message/config-template ./messages/create_i18n.php

or for more granularity:

./yii message/config --languages=en-US --sourcePath=@app --messagePath=messages ./messages/create_i18n.php

In the newly created file, alter (or create) the array of languages to be translated:

  // array, required, list of language codes that the extracted messages
  // should be translated to. For example, ['zh-CN', 'de'].
  'languages' => [
    'en-US',
    'fr',
    'pt'
  ],

Change the root directory in the above file to point to the messages directory:
Note, if the above file is in the messages directory (recommended) then don’t alter this 'messagePath' => __DIR__,
If you HAVE altered the directory for create_i18n.php to, say, /config/ you can use the following:

  // Root directory containing message translations.
  'messagePath' => __DIR__ . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'config',

The created file should look something like this after editing the languages you need

<?php

return [
  // string, required, root directory of all source files
  'sourcePath' => __DIR__ . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . '..',
  // array, required, list of language codes (in alphabetical order) that the extracted messages
  // should be translated to. For example, ['zh-CN', 'de'].
  'languages' => [
    // to localise a particular language use the language code followed by the dialect in CAPS
    'en-US',  // USA English
    'es',
    'fr',
    'it',
    'pt',
  ],
  /* 'languages' => [
    'af', 'ar', 'az', 'be', 'bg', 'bs', 'ca', 'cs', 'da', 'de', 'el', 'es', 'et', 'fa', 'fi', 'fr', 'he', 'hi',
    'pt-BR', 'ro', 'hr', 'hu', 'hy', 'id', 'it', 'ja', 'ka', 'kk', 'ko', 'kz', 'lt', 'lv', 'ms', 'nb-NO', 'nl',
    'pl', 'pt', 'ru', 'sk', 'sl', 'sr', 'sr-Latn', 'sv', 'tg', 'th', 'tr', 'uk', 'uz', 'uz-Cy', 'vi', 'zh-CN',
    'zh-TW'
    ], */
  // string, the name of the function for translating messages.
  // Defaults to 'Yii::t'. This is used as a mark to find the messages to be
  // translated. You may use a string for single function name or an array for
  // multiple function names.
  'translator' => ['\Yii::t', 'Yii::t'],
  // boolean, whether to sort messages by keys when merging new messages
  // with the existing ones. Defaults to false, which means the new (untranslated)
  // messages will be separated from the old (translated) ones.
  'sort' => false,
  // boolean, whether to remove messages that no longer appear in the source code.
  // Defaults to false, which means these messages will NOT be removed.
  'removeUnused' => false,
  // boolean, whether to mark messages that no longer appear in the source code.
  // Defaults to true, which means each of these messages will be enclosed with a pair of '@@' marks.
  'markUnused' => true,
  // array, list of patterns that specify which files (not directories) should be processed.
  // If empty or not set, all files will be processed.
  // See helpers/FileHelper::findFiles() for pattern matching rules.
  // If a file/directory matches both a pattern in "only" and "except", it will NOT be processed.
  'only' => ['*.php'],
  // array, list of patterns that specify which files/directories should NOT be processed.
  // If empty or not set, all files/directories will be processed.
  // See helpers/FileHelper::findFiles() for pattern matching rules.
  // If a file/directory matches both a pattern in "only" and "except", it will NOT be processed.
  'except' => [
    '.*',
    '/.*',
    '/messages',
    '/migrations',
    '/tests',
    '/runtime',
    '/vendor',
    '/BaseYii.php',
  ],
  // 'php' output format is for saving messages to php files.
  'format' => 'php',
  // Root directory containing message translations.
  'messagePath' => __DIR__,
  // boolean, whether the message file should be overwritten with the merged messages
  'overwrite' => true,
  /*
    // File header used in generated messages files
    'phpFileHeader' => '',
    // PHPDoc used for array of messages with generated messages files
    'phpDocBlock' => null,
   */

  /*
    // Message categories to ignore
    'ignoreCategories' => [
    'yii',
    ],
   */

  /*
    // 'db' output format is for saving messages to database.
    'format' => 'db',
    // Connection component to use. Optional.
    'db' => 'db',
    // Custom source message table. Optional.
    // 'sourceMessageTable' => '{{%source_message}}',
    // Custom name for translation message table. Optional.
    // 'messageTable' => '{{%message}}',
   */

  /*
    // 'po' output format is for saving messages to gettext po files.
    'format' => 'po',
    // Root directory containing message translations.
    'messagePath' => __DIR__ . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'messages',
    // Name of the file that will be used for translations.
    'catalog' => 'messages',
    // boolean, whether the message file should be overwritten with the merged messages
    'overwrite' => true,
   */
];

Edit the /config/web.php file

Below 'id' => 'basic', add

  'language' => 'en',
  'sourceLanguage' => 'en',

Note: you should always use the 'sourceLanguage' => 'en' as it is easier and cheaper to translate from English into another language.

Add the following to the 'components' => [...] section:

    'i18n' => [
      'translations' => [
        'app*' => [
          'class' => 'yii\i18n\PhpMessageSource',  // Using text files (usually faster) for the translations
          //'basePath' => '@app/messages',  // Uncomment and change this if your folder is not called 'messages'
          'sourceLanguage' => 'en',
          'fileMap' => [
            'app' => 'app.php',
            'app/error' => 'error.php',
          ],
          //  Comment out in production version
          //  'on missingTranslation' => ['app\components\TranslationEventHandler', 'handleMissingTranslation'],
        ],
      ],
    ],

Edit all the files in the “views” folder and any sub folders

Now tell Yii which text you want to translate in your view files. This is done by adding Yii::t('app', 'text to be translated') to the text.

For example, in /views/layouts/main.php, change the menu labels like so:

    'items' => [
          ['label' => Yii::t('app', 'Home'), 'url' => ['/site/index']],
          ['label' => Yii::t('app', 'About'), 'url' => ['/site/about']],
          ['label' => Yii::t('app', 'Contact'), 'url' => ['/site/contact']],
          Yii::$app->user->isGuest ? ['label' => Yii::t('app', 'Login'), 'url' => ['/site/login']] : '<li class="nav-item">'
            . Html::beginForm(['/site/logout'])
            . Html::submitButton(
             // 'Logout (' . Yii::$app->user->identity->username . ')', // change this line as well to the following:
              Yii::t('app', 'Logout ({username}'), ['username' => Yii::$app->user->identity->username]),
              ['class' => 'nav-link btn btn-link logout']
            )
            . Html::endForm()
            . '</li>',
        ],

Create the texts to be translated

To create the translation files run the following, in Terminal, from the root folder of your project:

./yii message ./messages/create_i18n.php

Now get the messages translated. For example in the French app.php

'Home' => 'Accueil',
'About' => 'À propos',

Create a Menu Item to Change the Language

This takes a number of steps.

1. Create an array of languages required

A key and a name is required for each language.

The key is the ICU language code in lowercase (with optional country code in Caps) e.g. French: 'fr' or French France: 'fr-FR'.

The name is the name of the language in that language. For French: 'Français', for Japanese: '日本の'.

In /config/params.php create an array named languages with the languages required. For example:

  /*         List of languages and their codes
   *
   *         format:
   *         'Language Code' => 'Language Name',
   *         e.g.
   *         'fr' => 'Français',
   *
   *         please use alphabetical order of language code
   *         Use the language name in the "user's" Language
   *    e.g.
   *    'ja' => '日本の',
   */
  'languages' => [
//    'da' => 'Danske',
//    'de' => 'Deutsche',
//    'en' => 'English', // NOT REQUIRED the sourceLanguage (i.e. the default)
    'en-GB' => 'British English',
    'en-US' => 'American English',
    'es' => 'Español',
    'fr' => 'Français',
    'it' => 'Italiano',
//    'ja' => '日本の',  // Japanese with the word "Japanese" in Kanji
//    'nl' => 'Nederlandse',
//    'no' => 'Norsk',
//    'pl' => 'Polski',
    'pt' => 'Português',
//    'ru' => 'Русский',
//    'sw' => 'Svensk',
//    'zh' => '中国的',
  ],

2. Create an Action

In /controllers/SiteController.php (the default controller) add an Action named actionLanguage(). This controller changes the language and sets a cookie so the browser “remembers” the language for page requests and return visits to the site.

  /**
   * Called by the ajax handler to change the language and
   * Sets a cookie based on the language selected
   *
   */
  public function actionLanguage()
  {
    $lang = Yii::$app->request->post('lang');
    // If the language "key" is not NULL and exists in the languages array in params.php, change the language and set the cookie
    if ($lang !== NULL && array_key_exists($lang, Yii::$app->params['languages']))
    {
      $expire = time() + (60 * 60 * 24 * 365); //  1 year
      Yii::$app->language = $lang;
      $cookie = new yii\web\Cookie([
        'name' => 'lang',
        'value' => $lang,
        'expire' => $expire,
      ]);
      Yii::$app->getResponse()->getCookies()->add($cookie);
    }
  }

Remember to set the method to POST.
In behaviors() under actions set 'language' => ['post'],like so:

      'verbs' => [
        'class' => VerbFilter::class,
        'actions' => [
          'logout' => ['post'],
          'language' => ['post'],
        ],
      ],

3. Create a Language Handler

This makes sure that the correct language is served for each request.

In /components/ create a file named: LanguageHandler.php and add the following code to it:

<?php

/*
 * Copyright ©2023 JQL all rights reserved.
 * http://www.jql.co.uk
 */
/*
  Created on : 19-Nov-2023, 13:23:54
  Author     : John Lavelle
  Title      : LanguageHandler
 */

namespace app\components;

use yii\helpers\Html;

class LanguageHandler extends \yii\base\Behavior
{

    public function events()
    {
        return [\yii\web\Application::EVENT_BEFORE_REQUEST => 'handleBeginRequest'];
    }

    public function handleBeginRequest($event)
    {
        if (\Yii::$app->getRequest()->getCookies()->has('lang') && array_key_exists(\Yii::$app->getRequest()->getCookies()->getValue('lang'), \Yii::$app->params['languages']))
        {
      //  Get the language from the cookie if set
            \Yii::$app->language = \Yii::$app->getRequest()->getCookies()->getValue('lang');
        }
        else
        {
            //  Use the browser language - note: some systems use an underscore, if used, change it to a hyphen
            \Yii::$app->language = str_replace('_', '-', HTML::encode(locale_accept_from_http($_SERVER['HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE'])));
        }
    }

}

/* End of file LanguageHandler.php */
/* Location: ./components/LanguageHandler.php */

4. Call LanguageHandler.php from /config/web.php

Call the LanguageHandler.php file from /config/web.php by adding the following either just above or just below 'params' => $params,

  //    Update the language on selection
  'as beforeRequest' => [
    'class' => 'app\components\LanguageHandler',
  ],

5. Add the Language Menu Item to /views/layouts/main.php

main.php uses Bootstrap to create the menu. An item (Dropdown) needs to be added to the menu to allow the user to select a language.

Add use yii\helpers\Url; to the “uses” section of main.php.

Just above echo Nav::widget([ add the following code:

// Get the languages and their keys, also the current route
      foreach (Yii::$app->params['languages'] as $key => $language)
      {
        $items[] = [
          'label' => $language, // Language name in it's language
          'url' => Url::to(['site/index']), // Current route so the page refreshes
          'linkOptions' => ['id' => $key, 'class' => 'language'], // The language key
        ];
      }

If images (country flags) are required next to the language name (see Optional Items at the end), in the section echo Nav::widget([ between 'options' => ['class' => 'navbar-nav ms-auto'], // ms-auto aligns the menu right and items' => [, add 'encodeLabels' => false, // Required to enter HTML into the labels, like so:

      echo Nav::widget([
        'options' => ['class' => 'navbar-nav ms-auto'], // ms-auto aligns the menu right
        'encodeLabels' => false, // Required to enter HTML into the labels
        'items' => [
          ['label' => Yii::t('app', 'Home'), 'url' => ['/site/index']],
        ...

Now add the Dropdown. This can be placed anywhere in 'items' => [.

// Dropdown Nav Menu: https://www.yiiframework.com/doc/api/2.0/yii-widgets-menu
        [
          'label' => Yii::t('app', 'Language')),
          'url' => ['#'],
          'options' => ['class' => 'language', 'id' => 'languageTop'],
          'encodeLabels' => false, // Optional but required to enter HTML into the labels for images
          'items' => $items, // add the languages into the Dropdown
        ],

The code for in main.php for the NavBar should look something like this:

      NavBar::begin([
        'brandLabel' => Yii::$app->name,  // set in /config/web.php
        'brandUrl' => Yii::$app->homeUrl,
        'options' => ['class' => 'navbar-expand-md navbar-dark bg-dark fixed-top']
      ]);
      // Get the languages and their keys, also the current route
      foreach (Yii::$app->params['languages'] as $key => $language)
      {
        $items[] = [
          'label' => $language, // Language name in it's language
          'url' => Url::to(['site/index']), // Current route so the page refreshes
          'linkOptions' => ['id' => $key, 'class' => 'language'], // The language key
        ];
      }
      echo Nav::widget([
        'options' => ['class' => 'navbar-nav ms-auto'], // ms-auto aligns the menu right
        'encodeLabels' => false, // Required to enter HTML into the labels
        'items' => [
          ['label' => Yii::t('app', 'Home'), 'url' => ['/site/index']],
          ['label' => Yii::t('app', 'About'), 'url' => ['/site/about']],
          ['label' => Yii::t('app', 'Contact'), 'url' => ['/site/contact']],
          // Dropdown Nav Menu: https://www.yiiframework.com/doc/api/2.0/yii-widgets-menu
          [
            'label' => Yii::t('app', 'Language') ,
            'url' => ['#'],
            'options' => ['class' => 'language', 'id' => 'languageTop'],
            'encodeLabels' => false, // Required to enter HTML into the labels
            'items' => $items, // add the languages into the Dropdown
          ],
          Yii::$app->user->isGuest ? ['label' => Yii::t('app', 'Login'), 'url' => ['/site/login']] : '<li class="nav-item">'
            . Html::beginForm(['/site/logout'])
            . Html::submitButton(
//              'Logout (' . Yii::$app->user->identity->username . ')',
              Yii::t('app', 'Logout ({username})', ['username' => Yii::$app->user->identity->username]),
              ['class' => 'nav-link btn btn-link logout']
            )
            . Html::endForm()
            . '</li>',
        ],
      ]);
      NavBar::end();

6. Trigger the Language change with an Ajax call

To call the Language Action actionLanguage() make an Ajax call in a JavaScript file.

Create a file in /public_html/js/ named language.js.

Add the following code to the file:

/*
 * Copyright ©2023 JQL all rights reserved.
 * http://www.jql.co.uk
 */

/**
 * Set the language
 *
 * @returns {undefined}
 */
$(function () {
  $(document).on('click', '.language', function (event) {
    event.preventDefault();
    let lang = $(this).attr('id');  // Get the language key
    /* if not the top level set the language and reload the page */
    if (lang !== 'languageTop') {
      $.post(document.location.origin + '/site/language', {'lang': lang}, function (data) {
        location.reload(true);
      });
    }
  });
});

To add the JavaScript file to the Assets alter /assets/AppAsset.php in the project folder. In public $js = [ add 'js/language.js', like so:

 public $js = [
   'js/language.js',
 ];

Internationalisation should now be working on your project.

Optional Items

The following are optional

1. Check for Translations

Yii can check whether a translation is present for a particular piece of text in a Yii::t('app', 'text to be translated') block.

There are two steps:

  1. In /config/web.php uncomment the following line:
  //  'on missingTranslation' => ['app\components\TranslationEventHandler', 'handleMissingTranslation'],
  1. Create a TranslationEventHandler:

In /components/ create a file named: TranslationEventHandler.php and add the following code to it:

<?php

/**
 * Basic PHP File for TranslationEventHandler
 *
 * @copyright © 2023, John Lavelle  Created on : 14 Nov 2023, 16:05:32
 *
 *
 * Author     : John Lavelle
 * Title      : TranslationEventHandler
 */
// Change the Namespace (app, frontend, backend, console etc.) Default is "app".

namespace app\components;

use yii\i18n\MissingTranslationEvent;

/**
 * TranslationEventHandler
 *
 *
 * @author John Lavelle
 * @since 1.0 // Update version number
 */
class TranslationEventHandler
{

  /**
   * Adds a message to missing translations in Development Environment only
   *
   * @param MissingTranslationEvent $event
   */
  public static function handleMissingTranslation(MissingTranslationEvent $event)
  {
    // Only check in the development environment
    if (YII_ENV_DEV)
    {
      $event->translatedMessage = "@MISSING: {$event->category}.{$event->message} FOR LANGUAGE {$event->language} @";
    }
  }
}

If there is a missing translation the text is replaced with a message similar to the following text:

@MISSING: app.Logout (JQL) FOR LANGUAGE fr @

Here Yii has found that there is no French translation for:

Yii::t('app', 'Logout ({username})', ['username' => Yii::$app->user->identity->username]),

2. Add Country Flags to the Dropdown Menu

There are a number of steps for this.

  1. Create images of the flags.

The images should 25px wide by 15px high. The images must have the same name as the language key in the language array in params.php. For example: fr.png or en-US.png. If the images are not of type “.png” change the code in part 2 below to the correct file extension.

Place the images in a the folder /public_html/images/flags/.

  1. Alter the code in /views/layouts/main.php so that the code for the “NavBar” reads as follows:
<header id="header">
      <?php
      NavBar::begin([
        'brandLabel' => Yii::$app->name,
        'brandUrl' => Yii::$app->homeUrl,
        'options' => ['class' => 'navbar-expand-md navbar-dark bg-dark fixed-top']
      ]);
      // Get the languages and their keys, also the current route
      foreach (Yii::$app->params['languages'] as $key => $language)
      {
        $items[] = [
          'label' => Html::img('/images/flags/' . $key . '.png', ['alt' => 'flag ' . $language, 'class' => 'inline-block align-middle', 'title' => $language,]) . ' ' . $language, // Language name in it's language
          'url' => Url::to(['site/index']), // Current route so the page refreshes
          'linkOptions' => ['id' => $key, 'class' => 'language'], // The language key
        ];
      }
      echo Nav::widget([
        'options' => ['class' => 'navbar-nav ms-auto'], // ms-auto aligns the menu right
        'encodeLabels' => false, // Required to enter HTML into the labels
        'items' => [
          ['label' => Yii::t('app', 'Home'), 'url' => ['/site/index']],
          ['label' => Yii::t('app', 'About'), 'url' => ['/site/about']],
          ['label' => Yii::t('app', 'Contact'), 'url' => ['/site/contact']],
          // Dropdown Nav Menu: https://www.yiiframework.com/doc/api/2.0/yii-widgets-menu
          [
            'label' => Yii::t('app', 'Language') . ' ' . Html::img('@web/images/flags/' . Yii::$app->language . '.png', ['class' => 'inline-block align-middle', 'title' => Yii::$app->language]),
            'url' => ['#'],
            'options' => ['class' => 'language', 'id' => 'languageTop'],
            'encodeLabels' => false, // Required to enter HTML into the labels
            'items' => $items, // add the languages into the Dropdown
          ],
          Yii::$app->user->isGuest ? ['label' => Yii::t('app', 'Login'), 'url' => ['/site/login']] : '<li class="nav-item">'
            . Html::beginForm(['/site/logout'])
            . Html::submitButton(
//              'Logout (' . Yii::$app->user->identity->username . ')',
              Yii::t('app', 'Logout ({username})', ['username' => Yii::$app->user->identity->username]),
              ['class' => 'nav-link btn btn-link logout']
            )
            . Html::endForm()
            . '</li>',
        ],
      ]);
      NavBar::end();
      ?>
    </header>

That’s it! Enjoy…

Licence (BSD-3-Clause Licence)

Copyright Notice

Internationalization (i18n) Menu code provided by JQL, https://visualaccounts.co.uk ©2023 JQL all rights reserved

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms with or without modification are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.

Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

Neither the names of John Lavelle, JQL, Visual Accounts nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

“ALL JQL CODE & SOFTWARE INCLUDING WORLD WIDE WEB PAGES (AND THOSE OF IT’S AUTHORS) ARE SUPPLIED ‘AS IS’ WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, THE AUTHOR AND PUBLISHER AND THEIR AGENTS SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. WITH RESPECT TO THE CODE, THE AUTHOR AND PUBLISHER AND THEIR AGENTS SHALL HAVE NO LIABILITY WITH RESPECT TO ANY LOSS OR DAMAGE DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THE CODE EVEN IF THE AUTHOR AND/OR PUBLISHER AND THEIR AGENTS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. WITHOUT LIMITING THE FOREGOING, THE AUTHOR AND PUBLISHER AND THEIR AGENTS SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOSS OF PROFIT, INTERRUPTION OF BUSINESS, DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT OR DATA, INTERRUPTION OF OPERATIONS OR ANY OTHER COMMERCIAL DAMAGE, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR OTHER DAMAGES.”

Posted on

Fresh MYSQL install, Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost'

Lets go through the install process:

#install a complete LAMP Stack first then install phpmyadmin (note the ^ is important)
sudo apt-get install lamp_stack^

# Enable Apache2 to start on boot
sudo systemctl enable apache2

# Start Apache2 if it isn't started
sudo systemctl start apache2

# Add yourself to the the www-data Group and take ownership of the /var/www directory
sudo usermod -a -G www-data $USER
sudo chown -R $USER:www-data /var/www/

# Install phpmyadmin
sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin javascript-common

# Set root password for MySQL change NEWPASSWORD to your choice of password
mysqladmin -u root password NEWPASSWORD

BANG – !! This gives the error !!

What’s happening?

If you install 5.7 and don’t provide a password for the root user, MySQL will use the auth_socket plugin. That plugin doesn’t need a password. It just checks if the user is connecting using a UNIX socket and then compares the username. If we want to configure a password, we need to change the plugin and set the password at the same time, in the same command. First changing the plugin and then setting the password won’t work, and it will fall back to auth_socket again.

Right, let’s fix it!

You can’t fix it if you can’t login. So to login we need to find an administrator password. Luckily there is one!

# Locate and copy the Debian System Maintenance password in this file
sudo xed /etc/mysql/debian.cnf

# Now enter the following in terminal - you will be prompted for a password. Enter the password you just copied from /etc/mysql/debian.cnf above
mysql -u debian-sys-maint -p

Bingo, you’re in with full Administrator rights!

# At the mysql> prompts enter the following commands pressing enter after each one - change NEWPASSWORD to a password of your choice
use mysql;
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'NEWPASSWORD';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
quit;

That’s it! Fixed. To test it:

# Login with the following command, you'll be prompted for your newly created password
mysql -u root -p

# To exit mysql> enter quit;

# Now secure MySQL
sudo /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation

I hope you found that useful.

This post is also available as a “Gist”. You can find the gist here: https://gist.github.com/jlavelle-uk/b61a7be76976939aec16799f9eea746f

Posted on

First Post

Well Hello and Welcome to this site!

Have you ever wanted Tips and Tricks on a particular subject and had to visit countless sites to find all the answers? I know I have.

What Programming for the Web is attempting to do is to bring as many of the tips and tricks about Web Programming together into one place.

Each article usually contains a video and step-by-step instructions. 

The articles will cover topics like:

  • HTML
  • CSS (SASS & Less)
  • JavaScript
  • PHP
  • SQL
    • MySQL
    • MariaDB
  • IDEs (NetBeans etc.)
    • Installation
    • Configuration
    • Shortcuts and “How to’s”
  • Text Editors (Atom, VS Code, Sublime Text etc.)
  • Web Servers (Apache)
    • Installation
    • Configuration
    • Security
    • htaccess
  • LAMPP Stacks (LAMPP, MAMPP & WAMPP)
    • Installation
    • Configuration
    • Security
    • htaccess
  • Linux (most web servers run on Linux or Unix)
  • Repurposing old Laptops and Computers
  • Using the Raspberry Pi as:
    • a “staging server”
    • to develop web applications
  • Later articles will look at:
    • Python
    • Java

The articles assume a little knowledge but not necessarily about web programming.

There will also be Book Reviews and reviews of new and updated programming languages, IDEs, Editors etc.

To date (28th November 2018) there are 82 articles available on YouTube and, soon, those articles will also be available on this site.

If you have a specific request, please leave a comment below and I’ll try to post an article as soon as I can.

Don’t forget to Bookmark this site so you can easily find it in the future.

Thank you for visiting.